2 research outputs found

    A Shared Task on Bandit Learning for Machine Translation

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    We introduce and describe the results of a novel shared task on bandit learning for machine translation. The task was organized jointly by Amazon and Heidelberg University for the first time at the Second Conference on Machine Translation (WMT 2017). The goal of the task is to encourage research on learning machine translation from weak user feedback instead of human references or post-edits. On each of a sequence of rounds, a machine translation system is required to propose a translation for an input, and receives a real-valued estimate of the quality of the proposed translation for learning. This paper describes the shared task's learning and evaluation setup, using services hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS), the data and evaluation metrics, and the results of various machine translation architectures and learning protocols.Comment: Conference on Machine Translation (WMT) 201

    Original articleDilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. Clinical and morphological studies

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    Wst臋p: Kardiomiopatia rozstrzeniowa (KMR) wyst臋puje rodzinnie u 20–35% chorych. Najcz臋艣ciej stwierdza si臋 mutacje w genie LMNA koduj膮cym laminy A/C, bia艂ka b艂ony j膮drowej. Cel: Okre艣lenie cz臋sto艣ci wyst臋powania mutacji w LMNA i ocena fenotypu nosicieli mutacji. Metodyka: Zbadano 12 ekson贸w LMNA u 61 chorych z KMR, jak r贸wnie偶 w dw贸ch rodzinach z KMR. Wyniki: Zidentyfikowano dwie mutacje u 5 nosicieli mutacji (D192G u jednego probanda i Y481Stop u probanda i tr贸jki jego dzieci), co stanowi 3,3% (2/61) wszystkich chorych z KMR. Nie stwierdzili艣my tych mutacji u 100 os贸b z grupy kontrolnej. Mutacja D192G zosta艂a zidentyfikowana u 26-letniego pacjenta z restrykcyjn膮 postaci膮 KMR (mildly DCM) i niewydolno艣ci膮 serca prowadz膮c膮 do transplantacji serca w ci膮gu 2 lat od pocz膮tku objaw贸w. Obserwowano r贸wnie偶 niewielkie zaburzenia przewodzenia: blok przedsionkowo-komorowy I stopnia (PR=220 ms) i zaburzenia przewodzenia wewn膮trzkomorowego (QRS=124 ms). Analiza ultrastrukturalna biopsji endomiokardialnej wykaza艂a niezwyk艂e zmiany morfologiczne j膮dra (ubytki b艂ony j膮drowej, przemieszczenie organelli cytoplazmatycznych do nukleoplazmy). Te zmiany mog膮 wyja艣ni膰 艂amliwo艣膰 j膮der i s膮 zgodne z mechaniczn膮 hipotez膮 patofizjologiczn膮 mutacji LMNA. Czterech nosicieli mutacji Y481Stop mia艂o nieprawid艂owo艣ci kardiologiczne. Obserwowali艣my 3 fenotypy: u probanda – zaburzenia rytmu z konieczno艣ci膮 wszczepienia stymulatora, kt贸ra wyprzedzi艂a o par臋 lat wyst膮pienie KMR prowadz膮cej do transplantacji serca. U 13-letniej c贸rki stwierdzono zaburzenia przewodzenia (blok przedsionkowo-komorowy II stopnia) i subtelne zmiany z mi臋艣niu szkieletowym w badaniu immunofluorescencyjnym. Arytmi臋 komorow膮 stwierdzono u syna probanda w wieku lat 11 i u c贸rki probanda w wieku lat 18. Wszyscy nosiciele mutacji mieli prawid艂owy poziom CPK w surowicy. Wnioski: Obecno艣膰 niewydolno艣ci serca u nosicieli mutacji LMNA oznacza z艂e rokowanie. Biopsja endomiokardialna i biopsja mi臋艣nia szkieletowego mog膮 by膰 pomocne w diagnostyce laminopatii.Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is familial in about 20–35% of patients. The most frequently encountered mutations associated with DCM are found in LMNA. Aim: To define the frequency of LMNA mutations in a series of consecutive DCM patients and to evaluate the phenotype of mutation carriers. Methods: We screened the 12 exons of LMNA in a series of 61 Polish patients with DCM diagnosed angiographically, as well as in two DCM families. Results: Two mutations were detected in 5 mutation carriers (D192G in one proband and Y481Stop in one proband and 3 of his offspring), which represents 3.3% (2/61) of the DCM patients. These mutations were absent from 100 controls. The D192G mutation was found in a 26-year-old patient with mild DCM and heart failure leading to death within two years after onset of symptoms. Mild conduction disease was also present. Ultrastructural analysis of the endomyocardial biopsy showed a striking alteration of nuclear morphology. This finding can explain nuclear fragility and is in agreement with the pathophysiological mechanical hypothesis of LMNA mutations. All four Y481Stop mutation-carriers were affected. Three phenotypes were found: in the proband, cardiac dysrhythmia and pacemaker requirement preceded DCM leading to heart transplantation; the proband’s 13-year old daughter had conduction disease (2nd degree A-V block) with subtle skeletal muscle involvement documented by immunofluorescence study; ventricular arrhythmia was detected in the proband’s son at the age of 11 and in the proband’s daughter at the age of 18. Serum creatine kinase was normal in all mutation carriers
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